Pathways for cytosolic NADPH production from mitochondrial NADH/NADPH.

The upper pathway depicts the transfer of electrons from mitochondrial NADH to cytosolic NADPH. The lower pathway depicts a transfer of electrons from mitochondrial NADPH to cytosolic NADPH. Please note that the second pathway involves the transport of oxoglutarate and citrate over the mitochondrial membrane and necessitates the antiport of L-malate and phosphoenolpyruvate, respectively. A list of enzymes can be found in Table S1.