Experiment 3 results.

A) The experimental setup was as experiment 1 (Fig. 1A), except that in one condition a series of virtual barriers was put in place to penalize subjects for making intermediate movements. In this experiment, the target only jumped by ±45°, and did so on 30% of trials. Solid arrow/bold target indicates movement required before target jump. Dashed arrows indicate potential movements required after a target jump. B) Behavior on jump trials for a representative subject. Blue points indicate individual trials from the session in which barriers were present. Green points indicate individual trials in which the barriers were absent. Solid lines indicate sigmoidal fit. Shaded region indicates 95% confidence interval for movement direction based on trials from the no-barriers session in which the target did not jump. C)—E) Estimated sigmoid parameters across subjects (as Fig. 3A-C). F) Average sigmoid fit to behavior across all subjects following a target jump.