Virus-cell binding assays.

(A-B) Binding of virus to HeLa cells. (A) TBEV, (B) DENV. (C) Binding of TBEV (white columns) or DENV (grey columns) to human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). (D) Binding of RV-A2 to HeLa cells. (E) Binding of TBEV (white columns) or DENV (grey columns) to immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Viruses were allowed to attach to cells for 1 hour at the temperatures as indicated on the x-axis. The y-axis indicates percent bound virus relative to input virus using RNA copy numbers determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Data represent the mean +/- SEM of at least three independent experiments. For each virus, the amounts of bound virus at 30°C and/or 37°C were compared to those obtained at 4°C with ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test (A,B,E) or Student’s t-test (C,D). *, p < 0.05.