The dynamics of (A) type-3 coherent feed-forward loop, (B) type-2 incoherent feed-forward loop, (C) positive feedback, and (D) negative feedback in controlling transcriptional leakage.

In upper panels, all genes are regulated through transcriptional controls. In lower panels, the E regulation of O was changed to a degradation control (indicates by red arrow). Black thick arrow highlights the filtering effect of a degradation control in the given network motif.