Genetic diversity in the BXD panel greatly impacts behavioral, metabolic, and molecular traits.

The phenome was divided into 3 phenotypic categories: (i) LMA, (ii) EEG features (labeled EEG), and (iii) sleep-wake state characteristics (labeled State), which were subdivided further (see Materials and methods). The 5 classes of metabolites and the gene expression represent intermediate molecular phenotypic categories. (A) Heritability for EEG/behavioral and metabolite phenotypes. Dots represent single phenotypes within each category and subcategory indicated along the x-axis. Red dots represent phenotypes recorded in baseline (labeled bsl; B1 and B2), blue in recovery (labeled rec; R1 and R2), purple during SD, and green dots refer to the recovery-to-baseline contrasts. Values represent narrow-sense heritability. (B) Overview of significant and highly suggestive (FDR < 0.1) QTLs obtained for all 341 EEG/behavioral phenotypes (phQTLs: LMA in red, EEG in blue, and sleep-wake state in green) and 124 blood metabolite levels in baseline and recovery (mQTLs; purple). Note that overlap of neighboring QTLs renders color shading darker. (C) Venn diagram of genes under significant cis-eQTL effect in liver and cortex for the two experimental conditions (SD and controls [labeled Ctr]). EEG, electroencephalography; eQTL, expression quantitative trait locus; FDR, false discovery rate; LMA, locomotor activity; mQTL, metabolic quantitative trait locus; phQTL, phenotypic quantitative trait locus; QTL, quantitative trait locus; SD, sleep deprivation.