Effects of the T. brucei salivary gland infection on tsetse fly salivary protein expression.

(A) RT-qPCR expression analysis of genes encoding the major tsetse saliva proteins (TTI, TAg5, Tsal1/2, TSGF1/2, 5′Nuc and Sgp3) in the salivary glands of T. brucei infected (SG⁺) and uninfected (SG^-) flies. mRNA levels were normalized using both actin and tubulin as housekeeping genes. (B) Total protein content in the saliva of SG⁺ and SG^- tsetse flies. The bars denote means and SEM-values observed among 8 independent samples tested in each group. The ^* and ^** denotes a significant difference between the two experimental groups, respectively with p<0.05 and p<0.01.