Duration of male E. suzannae pupal stage (in days) at different temperatures.

Color of bars denotes temperature range (grey = 27°C, red = 32–29°C, blue = 20–17°C). Treatments are also separated by the stage at which temperature exposure began. Asterisks denote significant differences compared to the duration of the pupal stage at 27°C. Numbers above plots denotes replicates. N = 12–22 male wasps.