Russell’s Movat pentachrome histological staining of: a) through-thickness section of BMSC-seeded scaffold after 22 days of culture (8 days static + 14 days Flex-Flow conditioning, b) through-thickness section of native porcine aortic valve leaflet (+ve control).

Color code Blue: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), Yellow-Green: Collagen, Black: Elastin, Red: Muscle, of the three principal components of native valve ECM, Collagen and GAGs were clearly visible within the tissue engineered construct; however the presence of Elastin was inconclusive and likely absent.