Percent digestible energy contribution per food item category (fresh diet base) across ecosystems.

Contribution was estimated based on the total digestible energy in one kilogram of fresh diet. Ecosystem diets include: (a) Foothills and (b) Mountains of west-central Alberta (Canada), (c) Flathead River drainage in British Columbia (Canada) and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE, USA). For the GYE, we present the recent diets for both (d) female “GYE-Recent, female”, (e) male “GYE-Recent, male”, and the (f) historical diet “GYE-Historical, females & males” diets. Continues bars indicate ±1.96×SD (n = 1000 repetitions).