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Hypothetical model.

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posted on 2014-08-15, 04:13 authored by Hye Young Kim, So Youn Park, Sung Won Lee, Hye Rin Lee, Won Suk Lee, Byung Yong Rhim, Ki Whan Hong, Chi Dae Kim

Scheme illustrating the dual effects of cilostazol, namely, (1) its inhibition of HMGB1-activated NF-κB nuclear translocation and subsequent HIF-1α expression, and (2) its inactivation of HIF-1α by increasing SIRT1 deacetylase activity in RA SFs. These effects lead to the down-regulation of VEGF and to the inhibition of synovial angiogenesis.

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