Ecological characteristics of technology families.

(A) Biodiversity is estimated using entropy calculations, indicating that diversity among languages grew in the first half of the decade and stabilized, while diversity among HIT has been variable but flat. (B) Stability was estimated by comparing the number of publications for each language in 2010 and 2002 versus 2001 to indicate short- and long-term stability. One-year correlation was positive but not statistically significant; ten-year correlation was negative and weak. Relationships between one-year and three-year stability with biodiversity were (C) negatively correlated for HIT (p = 0.46, 0.38) and (D) positively correlated for programming languages (p = 0.02, p = 0.15).