Development and longevity.

Larval development time (days from hatching to mature larva) (A) and longevity as adults after emergence from the cocoon (B) of Osmia bicornis reared on transgenic OC-1 expressing oilseed rape pollen or on control pollen ‘spiked’ with insecticidal protein. Cox proportional hazard models followed by the Bonferroni-Holm procedure were used for both analyses. Significant differences from the control are indicated by asterisk. Abbreviations: OC-1, oryzacystatin-1; rOC-1, recombinant OC-1; GNA, Galanthus nivalis agglutinin.