Anatabine reduces microgliosis in the brain of Tg PS1/APPswe mice.

A) Representative 40X microscopic fields revealing Iba1 immunoreactive microglial cells in the hippocampus and the cortex of wild-type placebo and Tg PS1/APPswe receiving regular drinking water (placebo) and Tg PS1/APPswe mice receiving anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day dissolved in their drinking water. Data is presented as mean±SEM. B) The histogram represents the average amount of Iba1 burden (expressed as a percentage of the brain area examined) quantified in the hippocampus and the cortex of wild-type receiving regular drinking water (placebo) and Tg PS1/APPswe receiving either regular drinking water (placebo) or anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day dissolved in their drinking water. ANOVA reveals a significant main effect of the genotype on Iba1 burden in the hippocampus and cortex (P<0.001 and P<0.001). Post-hoc comparisons show a significant reduction in Iba1 burden in the hippocampus of Tg PS1/APPswe (P<0.009) treated with 20 mg/Kg/Day of anatabine compared to Tg PS1/APPswe receiving regular drinking water (placebo). C) Representative 40X microscopic fields revealing CD45 immunoreactive microglial/macrophage cells associated with β-amyloid plaques in the cortex of Tg PS1/APPswe receiving regular drinking water (placebo) and Tg PS1/APPswe mice receiving anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day in their drinking water. D) The histogram represents the average amount of CD45 burden (expressed as a percentage of the brain area examined) quantified in the cortex of Tg PS1/APPswe receiving either regular drinking water (placebo) or anatabine at a dosage of 10 and 20 mg/Kg/Day dissolved in their drinking water. ANOVA shows a significant main effect of the anatabine treatment on CD45 burden (P<0.001). Post-hoc comparisons reveal significant differences between placebo and anatabine treated mice at a dosage of 10mg/Kg/Day (P<0.001) and 20 mg/Kg/Day (P<0.001).