Workflow applied in the present study for each patient (n = 20) is shown.

I = A multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) along the anatomic sagittal plane was acquired from primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets. II = The midsagittal plane is coloured in red for better visualization of the workflow. Nine slices containing the landmarks necessary for cephalometric analysis were selected (1). The paired lateral slices were cropped preserving the relevant landmarks on the left (2a) and right (2b) side. The midsagittal plane and the 8 cropped lateral slices were merged into a lateral MRI cephalogram (3). III = Lateral cephalometric analysis was performed on lateral MRI cephalograms and corresponding lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) with dedicated software. For each modality two observers placed 10 midsagittal and 8 bilateral landmarks from which 14 angles and 10 distances were calculated automatically by software. Measurements were taken twice with an interval of 4 weeks.