Measuring the Settled Area of Medieval Settlements.

Bristol’s built-up areas in the later middle ages (late 13th–early 14th centuries), including built-up suburban areas shaded in grey. The red line indicates the 130 ha settled area we measured for the city, whereas the inner area circumscribed by walls and rivers measures only 55 ha. Even our relatively conservative outline of the city’s built up area more than doubles Bristol’s settled area. This map is modified and redrawn by the authors from Derek Keene’s (1976) map of the suburban built up area of later medieval Bristol [102].