Location of papers in a map of science.

(A) Map of science 91,726 clusters and associated large disciplines. The color legend is derived from the original construction of that map of science [15]). (B) The location of the key papers for Nobel prizes in Physics (purple), Chemistry (blue), and Physiology/Medicine (red) in 1995–2017. (C) The location of papers citing the key papers for Nobel prizes. Color legend as in panel B; grey color is used for areas that cite papers from two or more of three Nobel types. (D) The location of papers that have been more-cited than the respective Nobel key paper even though they were published within one calendar year of the Nobel key paper. Color legend as in panel A. (E) the location of the entire career-long publication record (40,819 papers) published by scientists awarded Nobel prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology/Medicine 1995–2017. Color legend as in panel A.