Trip duration (in hours) for female southern rockhopper penguins during guard stage from New Island, in three consecutive breeding seasons and averaged over the three breeding seasons (modelled means ± SE, range, n = number of birds (trips)).

PIT control: non-handled birds deployed with subcutaneous PITs in previous breeding seasons.

Handled control: birds handled but not equipped with any type of device.

GPS: birds equipped with GPS data loggers.

TDR: birds equipped with miniature TDR dive loggers.