Regression analyses predicting timed and untimed mathematics achievement in Grade 1 and Grade 3.

NS = non-symbolic; S = symbolic. ** p<.01. Both regression models for timed mathematics achievement are significant (Grade 1: F(3,32) = 4.89, p<.01, R² = .31; Grade 3: F(3,42) = 7.21, p<.01, R² = .34). Regression model for untimed mathematics achievement is significant in Grade 1 (F(3,32) = 7.23, p<.01; R² = .40) but not in Grade 3 (F(3,42) = 1.15, p = .34, R² = .08).