posted on 2015-08-25, 04:12authored bySudha K. Iyengar, John R. Sedor, Barry I. Freedman, W. H. Linda Kao, Matthias Kretzler, Benjamin J. Keller, Hanna E. Abboud, Sharon G. Adler, Lyle G. Best, Donald W. Bowden, Allison Burlock, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Shelley A. Cole, Mary E. Comeau, Jeffrey M. Curtis, Jasmin Divers, Christiane Drechsler, Ravi Duggirala, Robert C. Elston, Xiuqing Guo, Huateng Huang, Michael Marcus Hoffmann, Barbara V. Howard, Eli Ipp, Paul L. Kimmel, Michael J. Klag, William C. Knowler, Orly F. Kohn, Tennille S. Leak, David J. Leehey, Man Li, Alka Malhotra, Winfried März, Viji Nair, Robert G. Nelson, Susanne B. Nicholas, Stephen J. O’Brien, Madeleine V. Pahl, Rulan S. Parekh, Marcus G. Pezzolesi, Rebekah S. Rasooly, Charles N. Rotimi, Jerome I. Rotter, Jeffrey R. Schelling, Michael F. Seldin, Vallabh O. Shah, Adam M. Smiles, Michael W. Smith, Kent D. Taylor, Farook Thameem, Denyse P. Thornley-Brown, Barbara J. Truitt, Christoph Wanner, E. Jennifer Weil, Cheryl A. Winkler, Philip G. Zager, Robert P. Igo Jr, Robert L. Hanson, Carl D. Langefeld
† In the African American sample, we obtained out-of-study samples from Wake Forest University and Howard University (seeMethods). Their demographic characteristics are as follows: 931 DKD cases are 60.3% female, Age in years 61.6 ± 10.5, DM duration in years 19.7 ± 10.7; 92 Diabetic controls are all female, Age in years 55.1 ± 11.6, No Diabetes duration available; 1288 Non-Diabetic controls are 35.5% female, Age in years 48.0 ± 12.4. FILR–FIND Large Replication study.