VTX-294 is more potent and effective than R-848 in inducing TNF and IL-1β in whole blood.

Human neonatal and adult blood was cultured for 6 h with MPLA (TLR4), R848 (TLR7/8), CL075 (TLR8) and VTX-294 (TLR8) and supernatants collected for TNF or IL-1β ELISA. Compound concentrations are shown in µM, except for MPLA, which are shown in ng/ml. Data are shown as mean ± SEM of n = 5–8. For between-group analyses, Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to compare VTX-294 median value to the other compounds at a given concentration. Statistical significance is denoted as follows: *p<0.05 and **p<0.01, with black star(s) for comparison to MPLA, blue star(s) for comparison to R848 and green star(s) for comparison to CL075.