Output of the fourth corner analysis on the relationships between traits and abiotic factors during the secondary succession.

(A) tree community in 18-year-old fallow; (B) tree community in 30-year-old fallow; (C) tree community in 60-year-old fallow; (D) tree community in old growth forest; (E) seedling community in 18-year-old fallow; (F) seedling community in 30-year-old fallow; (G) seedling community in 60-year-old fallow; (H) seedling community in old growth forest. Red fields represent significant positive relationships, blue fields represent significant negative relationships and gray fields represent non-significant relationships. Abbreviations of functional traits and environmental factors are given in Fig 1 and Table 1.