Multinomial logistic regression of DDE.

Unadjusted: separate logistic regression analysis.

Adjusted: adjusted for gender; gestation age; birth weight; maternal age (<30 years, ≥30 years); paternal age (<30 years, ≥30 years); small-for-gestational age infants (no, yes); mode of delivery (natural labour, assisted natural labour, caesarean birth); breast feeding (no, yes); maternal education (grade 9 or below, grade 10–11, grade 12 or above); paternal education (grade 9 or below, grade 10–11, grade 12 or above); mother’s place of birth (Hong Kong, outside Hong Kong); father’s place of birth (Hong Kong, outside Hong Kong); type of birth hospital (public, private); household monthly income (less than HK$10,000, HK$10,000–HK$40,000, over HK$40,000); parent smoking pattern during the child aged 0–3 years (father, mother, both, and none); mother’s severe disease during pregnancy (no, yes); mother’s medication during pregnancy (no, amoxicillin and/or other antibiotics, and others); infant special medical maintenance (no, yes); child severe disease 0–3 years old (no, yes); medication 0–3 years old (no, amoxicillin and/or other antibiotics, and others); dental trauma 0–3 years old (no, yes); tooth extraction due to caries 1–3 years old (no, yes); age begin to use toothpaste (before 4 years old, 4 years old or older); toothpaste type before 5 years old (adult toothpaste, children toothpaste); toothpaste contained fluoride before 5 years old (no, yes); amount of toothpaste applied before 5 years old (smear, pea size, larger than pea size); tooth brushing habits before 5 years old (less than once daily, at least once daily).

*p<0.05.

Multinomial logistic regression of DDE.