Correlations between fecal androgen level, age, social status and call structure (estimates derived from GLMMs).

androgen variation between subjects (i.e., effects of androgen as a function of differences between subjects with regard to their average androgen levels);

androgen variation within subjects (i.e., effects of androgen as a functions of short term variation of androgen levels within subjects).

P-values were corrected for multiple testing (Simes correction); significant differences were highlighted in boldface. The arrow shows the direction of changes for significant differences; A>S indicates that larger values were found in adult (A) than senior (S) males.