Comparisons between various codon substitution models in the concatenating analysis of mammalian-mtDNA.

a

The prior probability of each category for the “dG4s” is , and .

b

The number of adjustable parameters.

c

Differences from the reference state; , , and .

d

The average of over all amino acid pairs ; .

e

The value parenthesized means that the parameter is fixed at the value specified.

f

The scale parameter of a distribution for the variation of mutation rate over time.

g

The ratio of double to single and of triple to double nucleotide change exchangeability; .

h

The ratio of mean transitional to mean transversional exchangeability; .

i

The shape parameter of a discrete gamma distribution for the variation of mutation rate or selective constraint over sites.