The average monthly sandfly abundance and kDNA prevalence (%) at the three sampled habitats (cave, stone fence, rocky area) in Ochollo (March 2017—February 2018).

Left panel: the average number of sandflies caught per month at each habitat presented on a logarithmic scale. Right panel: monthly kDNA prevalence (%) among tested females for each habitat. Error bars were calculated based on the standard error and mean, but were too small to visualize on the left graph. Black, blue and grey lines respectively represent the sandflies and kDNA prevalence at caves, stone fences and rocky areas.