Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activity when changing judgments to conform to the group’s and comparison between the predictions of different models in this brain region.

(A) The dACC was more engaged with conformity trials compared with nonconformity trials. (B) The Bayesian model explains dACC activity more accurately than those of alternative models (general linear model [GLM]3). The time courses accounting for the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal in association with the changes in judgments were extracted from the region of interest (ROI) in dACC. These time courses were compared with other time courses in association with the predictions of each model about changes in judgments. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). All the parameters were estimated from the same ROI defined in the dACC (10-mm diameter spherical ROI at x, y, z = 8, 18, 46; **, P < 0.001). The functional MRI (fMRI) data can be found in http://neurovault.org/collections/2503/. The data underlying Fig 4B can be found in S1 Data.