10.1371/journal.pone.0221678.g001
Alexander S. F. Berry
Alexander S. F.
Berry
Renzo Salazar-Sánchez
Renzo
Salazar-Sánchez
Ricardo Castillo-Neyra
Ricardo
Castillo-Neyra
Katty Borrini-Mayorí
Katty
Borrini-Mayorí
Claudia Chipana-Ramos
Claudia
Chipana-Ramos
Melina Vargas-Maquera
Melina
Vargas-Maquera
Jenny Ancca-Juarez
Jenny
Ancca-Juarez
César Náquira-Velarde
César
Náquira-Velarde
Michael Z. Levy
Michael Z.
Levy
Dustin Brisson
Dustin
Brisson
The extant <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> population in Arequipa arose from a single, recent introduction.
Public Library of Science
2019
Arequipa
South American locations
establishment
abiotic environment impact
cruzi
South American phylogeny
non-native species
2019-08-27 17:31:10
Figure
https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/The_extant_i_T_i_i_cruzi_i_population_in_Arequipa_arose_from_a_single_recent_introduction_/9737204
<p>Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree shows that <b>(A)</b> all 123 <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> isolated from bugs and domestic mammals in Arequipa form a monophyletic group with a single, recent common ancestor, indicative of a single immigration event in the recent past. Despite substantial genetic diversity among <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> throughout South America, those collected in Arequipa show little diversity. <b>(B)</b> Three samples collected in Campo Florido and Naranjal, Peru and one sample from La Esperanza, Peru have nearly identical maxicircle sequences and form a monophyletic group. La Esperanza, Peru contains at least two distinct <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> lineages, suggesting multiple independent introductions. <b>(C)</b> The only <i>T</i>. <i>cruzi</i> sample isolated from a human in Arequipa is distinct from all other samples from Arequipa, suggesting that this introduction has not established in the city. All tips represent a single sample except (A) (N = 123) and (B) (N = 4). All nodes have strong support (posterior probability≥0.99). Nodes are collapsed when the samples contained have nearly identical maxicircle sequences. Roman numerals signify DTU.</p>