Enhanced inflammatory response by APCs from HIV-infected patients to commensal lactobacilli. H. NagyLauren GrishinaIrina MacalMonica A. HiraoLauren K. HuWilliam Sankaran-WaltersSumathi A. GaulkeChristopher PollardRichard BrownJennifer SuniMaria BaumlerAndreas J. GhanekarSmita MarcoMaria L. DandekarSatya 2013 <p>(<b>A</b>) Representative flow cytometry plots of APCs producing proinflammatory cytokines in response to <i>L. plantarum</i> WCFS1. (<b>B</b>) Frequencies of APCs from HIV-negative controls (n = 29) and HIV-infected patients (n = 62) producing IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, and TNFα in response to <i>L. plantarum</i> WCFS1 determined by multicolor flow cytometry. (<b>C</b>) Concentrations of IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, and TNFα following stimulation with <i>L. plantarum</i> WCFS1 as determined by ELISA (HIV− n = 4; HIV+ n = 10). Frequencies of APCs from HIV-negative controls (n = 14) and HIV-infected patients (n = 23) producing IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, and TNFα in response to (<b>D</b>) <i>L. gasseri</i> 1SL4 and (<b>E</b>) <i>L. casei</i> BL23 as measured by multicolor flow cytometry. Each dot represents an individual subject. In the HIV+ group, open circles represent therapy-naïve patients, closed circles represent patients on HAART. Bars indicate median value. Bar graphs represent mean +/− SEM. P values determined using Mann Whitney U test, P values as indicated.</p>