Whole-genome comparison of <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i>. Harald Oey Martha Zakrzewski Kerstin Gravermann Neil D. Young Pasi K. Korhonen Geoffrey N. Gobert Sujeevi Nawaratna Shihab Hasan David M. Martínez Hong You Martin Lavin Malcolm K. Jones Mark A. Ragan Jens Stoye Ana Oleaga Aidan M. Emery Bonnie L. Webster David Rollinson Robin B. Gasser Donald P. McManus Lutz Krause 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007513.g002 https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/Whole-genome_comparison_of_i_S_i_i_bovis_i_and_i_S_i_i_haematobium_i_/7621667 <p>A) Whole-genome comparison of <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> and <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> (Egypt isolate) reveals remarkably high sequence similarity and provides evidence of interspecific hybridization. Pairwise alignments were carried out using mafft and the sequence identity calculated for 1 kb windows across the resulting alignments. Chromosome numbers were assigned by mapping <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> scaffolds to the <i>S</i>. <i>mansoni</i> genome assembly (autosomal chromosomes 1–7 and sex chromosome W). Regions with very high sequence similarity (sequence identity >99%) provide evidence of recent interspecific hybridization and are marked by blue arrows. Red lines depict segments with similar similarity levels, which were found by fitting a piecewise constant curve using a least-squares cost function. Grey shaded regions indicate mauve alignment blocks. The top coloured bar represents the <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> scaffold of each 1kb window and gaps represent regions of the <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> genome that were not aligned to the <i>S</i>. <i>haematobium</i> genome using mafft. B) Two remarkably similar regions on chromosome 4. Arrows mark breakpoints between highly similar and less-similar genomic regions. Top coloured bar represents <i>S</i>. <i>bovis</i> scaffolds and orientation (+/-). Repetitive elements (LINEs, LTRs, SINEs and others) are shown as coloured bars. The regions span protein-coding genes, intergenic regions and repetitive elements. High sequence similarity of repeats is indicative of recent <i>S</i>. <i>bovis-haematobium</i> hybridization, as the lower selective pressure acting on repetitive elements would otherwise lead to a rapid accumulation of mutations.</p> 2019-01-23 18:53:48 haematobium Mesenteric infection interspecific hybridization sequence bovis genome assembly forms form interspecific hybrids DNA species-specific phenotypic traits blood fluke Schistosoma bovis identity 374 Mb assembly