Crystals generated from lactic acid treated micronized bone. Anna A. Bulysheva Nardos Sori Michael P. Francis 10.1371/journal.pone.0202373.g001 https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/Crystals_generated_from_lactic_acid_treated_micronized_bone_/7292234 <p>Human knee synovial fluid was collected from a donor that was diagnosed with CPPD, containing crystals seen under normal <b>(A)</b> and polarized light <b>(B)</b> microscopy. Synovial fluid from a second male donor without crystals present was mixed with 500mMol of lactic acid (LA) and 100mg/ml of micronized mineralized bone (mBone), which produce birefringent crystals after 5 days of incubation at 37°C <b>(C, D).</b> Using 85% lactic acid exposure to micronized mineralized bone, rhomboid crystals are noted to form initially (around 18 hours) followed by rod shaped crystals by 48 hours in solution <b>(E).</b> These crystals in lactic acid also exhibit birefringence under polarized light <b>(F)</b> and are further stable in this form for at least a month. Crystal morphologies of lactic acid combine with calcium phosphate <b>(G, H)</b> and hydroxyapatite <b>(I, J)</b> are also represented, with distinctly different morphologies present. All images captured using 40x objective.</p> 2018-11-02 17:31:34 500 mMol lactic acid modeling bone erosion SEM synovial fluid calcium-containing crystal pathogenesis Introduction Pathological calcium-containing crystals lactic acid energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy calcium oxalate monohydrate Direct crystal formation