DCA increases hepatic ER stress signaling and decreases hepatic insulin signaling. Karolina E. Zaborska Seon A. Lee Darline Garribay Eumee Cha Bethany P. Cummings 10.1371/journal.pone.0200908.g003 https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/DCA_increases_hepatic_ER_stress_signaling_and_decreases_hepatic_insulin_signaling_/6878474 <p>Phosphorylated to total IRE (A) and spliced XBP1 (sXBP1) expression normalized to tubulin (B). BiP (C) and TNFα (D) expression normalized to tubulin and phosphorylated to total Akt expression (E). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01 by Student’s t-test, <i>n</i> = 6 per group.</p> 2018-07-30 17:31:23 hepatic ER homeostasis C 57BL mice mice Bile acids ER stress attenuate hepatic endoplasmic reticulum DCA Deoxycholic acid supplementation impairs glucose homeostasis bile acid subtype body glucose regulation hepatic insulin glucose regulation bile acid subtypes body glucose homeostasis insulin tolerance testing bile acid profile hepatic ER stress