Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena Arafah, Sonia López-Jiménez, Ana Teresa Kicka, Sébastien Falaise, Alexandra Bach, Frauke Schaad, Olivier King, Jason S. Hagedorn, Monica Soldati, Thierry Artificial induction of autophagy restricts <i>M</i>. <i>marinum</i> proliferation. <p><b>A.</b> GFP-Atg8-expressing cells were infected for 5 h with mCherry-expressing <i>M</i>. <i>marinum</i> wt and treated or not with AR-12 at 2.5 μM for 2 additional hours. Representative maximum projections of live imaging are shown. White arrowheads point to GFP-Atg8 recruitment to MCV. Scale bars, 10 μm; <b>B.</b> Quantification of the percentage of infected cells with GFP-Atg8<sup>+</sup> bacteria at 7 hpi. Means and standard deviations from six (mock) and three (AR-12) independent replicates are represented and an unpaired <i>t</i> test showed no statistical significance (ns, <i>p</i> > 0.05). 688 and 297 infected cells were counted for the mock and the AR-12 treatments, respectively; <b>C.</b> Classification of types of GFP-recruitment for infected mock (258 cells) and AR-12 (141 cells) treated. Means and standard deviations from six (mock) and three (AR-12) independent replicates are represented. Unpaired <i>t</i> test (**<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01; ***<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001); <b>D.</b> Cells infected with <i>lux</i>-expressing <i>M</i>. <i>marinum</i> wt bacteria were treated or not with AR-12 at 2.5 μM. Intracellular bacteria growth [relative luminescence units (RLU)] is represented as the mean and standard deviation from triplicates. Statistical differences were calculated with a Bonferroni post hoc test after two-way ANOVA (*<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p> ESX -1-dependent manner Autophagy;ESX -1-dependent manner;autophagy;Monitoring infection stages;TORC;autophagosome;Infected host cells;autophagic flux;host model organism Dictyostelium;autophagic response;MCV;Mycobacterium marinum antagonistically;eukaryotic catabolic process 2017-04-17
    https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/Artificial_induction_of_autophagy_restricts_i_M_i_i_marinum_i_proliferation_/4883576
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006344.g002