Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-3 (TRPM3) Mediates Nociceptive-Like Responses in <i>Hydra vulgaris</i>
Valentina Malafoglia
Lorenzo Traversetti
Floriano Del Grosso
Massimiliano Scalici
Filomena Lauro
Valeria Russo
Tiziana Persichini
Daniela Salvemini
Vincenzo Mollace
Massimo Fini
William Raffaeli
Carolina Muscoli
Marco Colasanti
10.1371/journal.pone.0151386
https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Transient_Receptor_Potential_Melastatin-3_TRPM3_Mediates_Nociceptive-Like_Responses_in_i_Hydra_vulgaris_i_/3964680
<div><p>The ability of mammals to feel noxious stimuli lies in a heterogeneous group of primary somatosensory neurons termed nociceptors, which express specific membrane receptors, such as the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family. Here, we show that one of the most important nociceptive-like pathways is conserved in the freshwater coelenterate <i>Hydra vulgaris</i>, the most primitive organism possessing a nervous system. In particular, we found that <i>H</i>. <i>vulgaris</i> expresses TRPM3, a nociceptor calcium channel involved in the detection of noxious heat in mammals. Furthermore, we detected that both heat shock and TRPM3 specific agonist (<i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., pregnenolone sulfate) induce the modulation of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70<i>)</i> and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS), two genes activated by TRP-mediated heat painful stimuli in mammals. As expected, these effects are inhibited by a TRPM3 antagonist (<i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., mefenamic acid). Interestingly, the TRPM3 agonist and heat shock also induce the expression of nuclear transcription erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), known markers of oxidative stress; noteworthy gene expression was also inhibited by the TRPM3 antagonist. As a whole, our results demonstrate the presence of conserved molecular oxidative/nociceptive-like pathways at the primordial level of the animal kingdom.</p></div>
2016-03-14 00:53:44
HSP
heat shock
Transient Receptor
mammal
nitric oxide synthase
heat shock protein 70
NOS
transcription erythroid 2-
coelenterate Hydra vulgaris
TRPM 3 antagonist
TRPM 3 agonist
SOD
nociceptor calcium channel