LM11A-31 prevents and/or reverses basal forebrain cholinergic neurite atrophy in mid-stage APP<sup>L/S</sup> mice. A. SimmonsDanielle K. KnowlesJuliet P. BelichenkoNadia BanerjeeGargi FinkleCarly M. MassaStephen M. LongoFrank 2014 <p>Representative photomicrographs show ChAT-immunostained neurons in VDB of the basal forebrain of (<b><i>A</i></b>) WT Veh, (<b><i>B</i></b>) WT LM11A-31 (-31), (<b><i>C</i></b>) APP<sup>L/S</sup> (APP) Veh, and (<b><i>D</i></b>) APP-31 mice at 9–11 months of age. Arrowheads indicate the distal part of neurites. Below each photomicrograph are reconstructed drawings from Neurolucida tracings of two ChAT-stained neurons per treatment group. The left drawing is the neurite and corresponding soma indicated by the arrowhead in the photomicrograph (orientations were altered). The right drawing is of a cell outside the field displayed in the photomicrograph but within the field analyzed. Scale bar in A = 20 µm and also applies to the line drawings. Quantification indicates that treating APP<sup>L/S</sup> mice with LM11A-31 for 3 months increases the (<b><i>E</i></b>) length, (<b><i>F</i></b>) area occupied by, and (<b><i>G</i></b>) branching of BFCN neurites compared to those given vehicle. Statistical significance was determined using an ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc test and, for branching, a 2×2 contingency table with Fisher's exact test (WT Veh, n = 9 mice; WT-31, n = 10; APP Veh, n = 10; APP-31, n = 9). <sup>**</sup>p≤0.01 and <sup>***</sup>p<0.001 vs. WT Veh; <sup>+</sup>p≤0.05 and <sup>++</sup>p≤0.01 vs. APP Veh.</p>