10.1371/journal.pone.0100640.g002 Enoch Sepako Enoch Sepako Sarah J. Glennie Sarah J. Glennie Kondwani C. Jambo Kondwani C. Jambo David Mzinza David Mzinza Oluwadamilola H. Iwajomo Oluwadamilola H. Iwajomo Dominic Banda Dominic Banda Joep J. van Oosterhout Joep J. van Oosterhout Neil A. Williams Neil A. Williams Stephen B. Gordon Stephen B. Gordon Robert S. Heyderman Robert S. Heyderman Pneumococcal-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in peripheral blood during ART. Public Library of Science 2014 immunology Immune system Acquired immune system Immune response immunity microbiology Medical microbiology Microbial pathogens Bacterial pathogens streptococcus Viral pathogens Immunodeficiency viruses Virology t-cell responses peripheral 2014-06-24 14:56:46 Figure https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Pneumococcal_specific_CD4_T_cell_responses_in_peripheral_blood_during_ART_/1082170 <p>Patients were analysed prior to initiation of ART and followed-up at 3, 6 and 12 mths ART for CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses. Responses from HIV-infected persons at 12 months ART were compared with HIV-negative persons recruited from the same community (<b>A</b>) <i>ex vivo</i> IFN-γ ELISpot responses to wild-type <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> strain concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) (D39WT CCS) (0mth, n = 36; 3mths, n = 36; 6mths, n = 26; 12mths, n = 10; HIV-, 21) (<b>B</b>) <i>ex vivo</i> IFN-γ ELISpot responses to an isogenic pneumolysin (ply)-deficient mutant (D39Ply- CCS) (0mth, n = 36; 3mths, n = 36; 6mths, n = 26; 12mths, n = 10; HIV-, 21) (<b>C</b>) proliferative responses (8 day CFSE dilution assay) to D39WT CCS (0mth, n = 16; 6mths, n = 13; 12mths, n = 13; HIV-, 28) (<b>D</b>) proliferative responses to D39Ply- CCS (0mth, n = 17; 6mths, n = 14; 12mths, n = 13; HIV-, 28) (<b>E</b>) CD154 expression on activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in response to D39WT CCS (0mth, n = 33; 3mths, n = 30; 6mths, n = 30; 12mths, n = 16; HIV-, 29) (<b>F</b>) CD154 expression on activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in response to D39Ply- CCS (0mth, n = 30; 3mths, n = 29; 6mths, n = 28; 12mths, n = 14; HIV-, 29). Black horizontal bars represent median and IQR after background responses were substrated from all antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. Wilcoxon matched pairs were used to compare T-cell characteristics of HIV-infected persons on ART over time, and the Mann Whitney U test in the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected comparisons. Representative flow cytometric data demonstrating CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferative responses and CD154 expression and gating strategy are shown in <b><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0100640#pone.0100640.s001" target="_blank">Figure S1</a></b>.</p>