C. Woodhams, Douglas Brandt, Hannelore Baumgartner, Simone Kielgast, Jos Küpfer, Eliane Tobler, Ursina R. Davis, Leyla R. Schmidt, Benedikt Bel, Christian Hodel, Sandro Knight, Rob McKenzie, Valerie Environmental context determines antifungal capacity of probiotics. <p>Tested temperatures (14, 19, 22°C) significantly affected the production of bacterial metabolites in liquid media that could inhibit <i>B. dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd</i>; GPL isolate VMV 813) zoospore growth in a dose-dependent fashion (a  =  full strength metabolites, b = 1∶10 dilution). * indicates that <i>Bd</i> growth differed among metabolite temperature treatments (ANOVA, Bonferroni-corrected P's<0.05). (c) Representative replicates are shown of two isolates of <i>Serratia plymuthica</i> isolated from egg clutches of common midwife toads, <i>Alytes obstetricans</i>, grown on solid media under different temperature conditions. Filtrate from isolate 27 always inhibited growth of <i>Bd</i>, but filtrate from isolate 28 inhibited <i>Bd</i> growth at 18°C, and enhanced <i>Bd</i> growth at 25°C. Filtrate from sterile media (R2A agar supplemented with 1% tryptone) caused enhanced growth of <i>Bd</i>. Note that colony color can be an indication of antifungal metabolites such as prodiginines from red <i>Serratia spp</i>. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096375#pone.0096375-Schloss1" target="_blank">[45]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096375#pone.0096375-Williamson1" target="_blank">[67]</a>, but are produced only under certain growth conditions.</p> immunology;microbiology;Pathology and laboratory medicine;pathogenesis;Host-pathogen interactions;determines;antifungal 2014-04-30
    https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Environmental_context_determines_antifungal_capacity_of_probiotics_/1010127
10.1371/journal.pone.0096375.g004